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Base64 is a commonly used encoding scheme that converts binary data into printable ASCII characters. It is an algorithm used for encoding and decoding data, widely applied in network transmission and data storage.

The principle of Base64 encoding is to divide the data into groups of three bytes, and then split each group into four 6-bit segments. Each segment is converted into a printable ASCII character. If the number of bytes in the data is not a multiple of three, padding will be added to meet the encoding requirements.

Strictly speaking, base64 is just a way to encode and convert text data, not ‘encrypt’ or ‘decrypt’.